Collection EYE Film Institute Netherlands.įollowing the westward trend of the industry, by the end of 1912 the company was focusing its production efforts in the Hollywood area. Melodrama A Great Love (1916) by Clifford S.
The new Universal studio was a vertically integrated company, with movie production, distribution and exhibition venues all linked in the same corporate entity, the central element of the Studio system era.įile:A Great Love - Clifford S. Eventually all would be bought out by Laemmle. Laemmle, who emerged as president in July 1912, was the primary figure in the partnership with Dintenfass, Baumann, Kessel, Powers, Swanson, Horsley, and Brulatour. The Universal Film Manufacturing Company was incorporated in New York on April 30, 1912. In 1910, he promoted Florence Lawrence, formerly known as " The Biograph Girl", and actor King Baggot, in what may be the first instance of a studio using stars in its marketing. By naming the movie stars, he attracted many of the leading players of the time, contributing to the creation of the star system. Laemmle broke with Edison's custom of refusing to give billing and screen credits to performers. That company quickly evolved into the Independent Moving Pictures Company (IMP), with studios in Fort Lee, New Jersey, where many early films in America's first motion picture industry were produced in the early 20th century.
In June 1909, Laemmle started the Yankee Film Company with partners Abe Stern and Julius Stern. Soon, Laemmle and other disgruntled nickelodeon owners decided to avoid paying Edison by producing their own pictures. Based on the Latham Loop used in cameras and projectors, along with other patents, the Trust collected fees on all aspects of movie production and exhibition, and attempted to enforce a monopoly on distribution. For Laemmle and other such entrepreneurs, the creation in 1908 of the Edison-backed Motion Picture Trust meant that exhibitors were expected to pay fees for Trust-produced films they showed. Within weeks of his Chicago trip, Laemmle gave up dry goods to buy the first several nickelodeons. One story has Laemmle watching a box office for hours, counting patrons and calculating the day's takings.
Cochrane Template:Efn and Jules Brulatour. Baumann, Adam Kessel, Pat Powers, William Swanson, David Horsley, Robert H. Universal Studios was founded by Carl Laemmle, Mark Dintenfass, Charles O.
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